MBR and struktur filesystem

1. MBR
MBR is a partition table and a number of executable code for purposes of dividing the boot start in the file system. function to split that will be read by the bios
The structure of hard disk partitioning schemes Master Boot Record (MBR).
In the Master Boot Record, there is a partition table that describes where the partitions are put in the hard disk. This partitioning scheme is only available in the Intel x86 system, and implemented in the system BIOS of the system.
In this partitioning scheme, the partition is divided into three types, namely:

• Primary Partition or the primary partition, the partition that can be used to perform the operating system boot process and store user data

• Extended Partition or additional partitions, the partitions that can accommodate multiple logical partitions. This partition is actually one kind of primary partition

• Logical Partition or logical partition, that partition can not be used to make the process of booting the operating system, and can only store user data.


2. FAT16
       FAT16 is a file system that uses the allocation unit that has a limit of up to 16-bit, so it can store up to 216 units of allocation (65536 pieces). This file system has a capacity limit of up to 4 Gigabyte sizes only. Allocation unit size used by the FAT16 partition depends on the capacity that was about to be formatted: if the partition size is less than 16 megabytes, then the operating system will use the FAT12 file system, and if the partition size larger than 16 megabytes, then Windows will use the FAT16 file system.
      FAT16 is compatible advantage in almost every operating system, either Windows 95/98/Me, OS / 2, Linux and even Unix. But behind it all the biggest problem of FAT16 is having the capacity of a fixed number of clusters in a partition, so the bigger hard drive, the greater the cluster size. but it lacked one FAT16 does not support compression, encryption and access control in a partition


3. FAT 32

       FAT32 adalah versi sistem berkas FAT yang paling baru. FAT32 offers the ability to accommodate a larger cluster jumlat in FAT16.Namun than FAT32 partition has the disadvantage that does not have FAT16 is limited in the Operating System that can recognize FAT32.
       Because it uses large file allocation table (32-bit), FAT32 can theoretically address on the allocation of up to 232 units (4,294,967,296 pieces). Nevertheless, its implementation, the number of allocation units that can be addressed by FAT32 is 228 (268 435 456 pieces). The maximum allocation unit size can reach 32 768 bytes (64 sectors), so that theoretically can put 8 terabytes (8192 gigabytes), although not recommended. Because it uses large file allocation table (32-bit), FAT32 can theoretically address on the allocation of up to 232 units (4,294,967,296 pieces). Nevertheless, its implementation, the number of allocation units that can be addressed by FAT32 is 228 (268 435 456 pieces). The maximum allocation unit size can reach 32 768 bytes (64 sectors), so that theoretically can put 8 terabytes (8192 gigabytes), although not recommended.


4. NTFS

       NTFS is a file system that is flexible and powerful as we can see the simple file system model. NTFS file system has a simple design but have a greater ability than the FAT file system family. NTFS offers several features that are required in a distributed environment. The most useful feature of NTFS were:

a. Recoverabilitas: high on the list of requirements for W2K file system which is the ability to return from a broken system and disk errors. In this error, able to mengonstruksikan NTFS disk volume back to a consistent state

b.Security (security): W2K NTFS using the object model to encourage safety. An open file is implemented as an object with an explanation of security that defines the security attributes.

c. Disk large and very large files: NTFS disk supports very large and very large files more efficiently than other file systems including FAT.

d. Multiple Data Flow: The actual contents of a file is treated as a byte stream. In NTFS allows to define a multiple data streams to a single file.

e. Facilities General Index: NTFS associate a collection with the attributes of each file.

5. EXT2

      Ext2 is a file system type of the oldest extant. Acronym of the second ext2 file system. Storing data in a hierarchical standard that is widely used by the operating system. Data stored in files, files stored in the directory. A directory of files and directories can include it again in a subdirectory called.

      The maximum file size supported by ext2 is 2 terabytes, and its volume can reach 4 Tb. The file name can reach 255 characters. Linux file system also supports users, groups, and the permision (POSIX). Also supports file compression.

      Ext2 has a weakness in the case, when a sudden shut down takes a long time to recover. To make clean up a file system, usually ext2 utility will automatically run e2fsck on the next boot Saar. This utility is trying to fix problems that may occur when the system shut down unexpectedly.

6. EXT3       Etx3. Is the development of ext2. Acronym third extended file system. Even utilities that are also present in the ext2 ext3. By using journaling, then the recovery time in the sudden shutdown will not be long in ext2. It is not wrong if today many linux distros make use ext3 as the default file system. The drawback, using the journaling on ext3 then require more memory and slow down the operation of I / O

       Using ext3 doing the work that improves data integrity and do so quickly, most systems administrators prefer ext3 than ext2.Reiserfs. It could be said alternatives to ext3, since it has journaling function. But reiserfs has a whole different than ext2 and ext3 in the internal structure. Reiserfs supports files up to 8TB maximum and the maximum volume of 16 Tb. Even said to be faster than ext2 and ext3.